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Geometric Sequence Calculator

Calculate the nth term, partial sum, and infinite sum of a geometric sequence defined by its first term and common ratio.

Reviewed by Chase FloiedUpdated

This free online geometric sequence calculator provides instant results with no signup required. All calculations run directly in your browser — your data is never sent to a server. Enter your values below and see results update in real time as you type. Perfect for everyday calculations, homework, or professional use.

Each term is multiplied by this value

Results

nth Term (aₙ)

4374

How to Use This Calculator

1

Enter your input values

Fill in all required input fields for the Geometric Sequence Calculator. Most fields include unit selectors so you can work in your preferred unit system — metric or imperial, whichever matches your problem.

2

Review your inputs

Double-check that all values are correct and that you have selected the right units for each field. Incorrect units are the most common source of calculation errors and can produce results that are off by factors of 2, 10, or more.

3

Read the results

The Geometric Sequence Calculator instantly computes the output and displays results with units clearly labeled. All calculations happen in your browser — no loading time and no data sent to a server.

4

Explore parameter sensitivity

Try adjusting individual input values to see how the output changes. This is a quick and effective way to develop intuition about how different parameters influence the result and to identify which inputs have the largest effect.

Formula Reference

Geometric Sequence Calculator Formula

See calculator inputs for the governing equation

Variables: All variables and their units are labeled in the calculator interface above. Input fields accept values in multiple unit systems — select your preferred unit from the dropdown next to each field.

When to Use This Calculator

  • Use the Geometric Sequence Calculator when you need a quick mathematical result without writing out all the steps manually, saving time on repetitive calculations.
  • Use it to verify hand calculations on tests or assignments and catch arithmetic mistakes.
  • Use it when teaching or explaining mathematical concepts to others, demonstrating how changing inputs affects the result.
  • Use it to explore the behavior of mathematical functions across a range of inputs.

About This Calculator

The Geometric Sequence Calculator is a free mathematical calculation tool for students, educators, and professionals who need quick, reliable results. Calculate the nth term, partial sum, and infinite sum of a geometric sequence defined by its first term and common ratio. The underlying algorithms implement well-established mathematical formulas and numerical methods. Results are computed instantly in the browser. This tool is useful for learning, verification of hand calculations, and rapid exploration of mathematical relationships. All computation happens locally — no data is sent to a server.

About Geometric Sequence Calculator

A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number called the common ratio. Geometric sequences model exponential growth and decay, making them indispensable in finance (compound interest), biology (population growth), physics (radioactive decay), and computer science (algorithmic complexity). Unlike arithmetic sequences that grow linearly, geometric sequences grow (or shrink) exponentially. When the absolute value of the common ratio is less than one, the infinite series converges to a finite value, a result that underpins much of calculus and signal processing. This calculator computes the nth term, the sum of the first n terms, and — when applicable — the sum of the infinite series, giving you a complete picture of any geometric sequence.

The Math Behind It

A geometric sequence {a₁, a₁r, a₁r², …} satisfies aₙ = a₁ × r^(n−1). The ratio between consecutive terms is constant: aₙ₊₁/aₙ = r. If r > 1, the sequence grows without bound; if 0 < r < 1, it decays toward zero; if r < 0, the terms alternate in sign. The partial sum Sₙ = a₁(1 − rⁿ)/(1 − r) for r ≠ 1. For |r| < 1 the infinite geometric series converges: S∞ = a₁/(1 − r). This convergence is the basis for representing repeating decimals as fractions (e.g., 0.333… = 1/3). The geometric mean of two positive numbers a and b is √(ab), which serves as the middle term of a three-term geometric sequence. Geometric sequences connect deeply to exponential functions: if f(x) = a₁ × r^(x−1), then the sequence is simply the function evaluated at positive integers. In finance, compound interest produces a geometric sequence of account balances. In signal processing, the z-transform relies on summing geometric series of complex numbers.

Formula Reference

nth Term

aₙ = a₁ × r^(n−1)

Variables: a₁ = first term, r = common ratio, n = term number

Partial Sum

Sₙ = a₁(1 − rⁿ) / (1 − r), r ≠ 1

Variables: n = number of terms

Infinite Sum

S∞ = a₁ / (1 − r), |r| < 1

Variables: Converges only when |r| < 1

Worked Examples

Example 1: Find the 6th Term

Given a₁ = 5 and r = 2, find a₆.

Step 1:a₆ = 5 × 2^(6−1)
Step 2:a₆ = 5 × 2⁵
Step 3:a₆ = 5 × 32

a₆ = 160

Example 2: Sum of an Infinite Geometric Series

Given a₁ = 10 and r = 0.5, find S∞.

Step 1:Check |r| < 1: |0.5| = 0.5 < 1 ✓
Step 2:S∞ = 10 / (1 − 0.5)
Step 3:S∞ = 10 / 0.5

S∞ = 20

Common Mistakes & Tips

  • !Using the partial sum formula when r = 1 (divide-by-zero); use Sₙ = n × a₁ instead.
  • !Attempting to calculate S∞ when |r| ≥ 1 — the series diverges.
  • !Confusing the exponent: the nth term uses r^(n−1), not r^n.
  • !Forgetting that a negative ratio produces alternating signs.

Related Concepts

Used in These Calculators

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Frequently Asked Questions

When does an infinite geometric series converge?

An infinite geometric series converges if and only if the absolute value of the common ratio is less than 1 (|r| < 1). When it converges, the sum is S∞ = a₁/(1 − r).

Can the common ratio be negative?

Yes. A negative common ratio means the terms alternate between positive and negative values. For example, with a₁ = 1 and r = −2, the sequence is 1, −2, 4, −8, 16, ….

How is compound interest related to geometric sequences?

Each compounding period multiplies the balance by (1 + rate), producing a geometric sequence of balances. After n periods: Balance = Principal × (1 + rate)ⁿ.