Hex to RGB Converter

The RGB color model is an additive color system where red, green, and blue light are combined in varying intensities to create a broad spectrum of colors. Each channel ranges from 0 (no intensity) to 255 (full intensity), producing over 16.7 million possible colors (256^3 = 16,777,216). Hexadecimal notation encodes these three channels as a six-digit string prefixed with #. The first two digits represent red, the middle two represent green, and the last two represent blue. Each pair is a base-16 number: 00 = 0 in decimal, FF = 255 in decimal. For example, #FF8000 means red=255, green=128, blue=0, which produces a vivid orange. The conversion process is straightforward: split the hex string into three pairs and convert each pair from base 16 to base 10. The reverse process (RGB to hex) converts each decimal value to a two-digit hexadecimal string. Shorthand hex notation uses three digits instead of six, where each digit is doubled: #F80 expands to #FF8800. This shorthand covers only 4,096 of the full 16.7 million colors. CSS also supports rgba() notation, which adds an alpha channel for transparency (0.0 to 1.0). The equivalent hex notation uses eight digits, with the last two representing the alpha channel. Color perception is not linear with respect to channel values. Human eyes are most sensitive to green light, moderately sensitive to red, and least sensitive to blue. This is why the luminance formula weights the channels unequally: Y = 0.2126*R + 0.7152*G + 0.0722*B. Understanding channel values helps designers ensure adequate contrast and accessibility compliance.