Refrigerant R-134a Table Calculator
Saturated R-134a property lookup by temperature from the equation of state: P_sat, h_f, h_g, s_f, s_g from −103.30°C to just below the 101.06°C critical point
Enter saturation temperature → saturated R-134a properties computed exactly from the Tillner-Roth & Baehr (1994) equation of state (no table interpolation). Supported range: -103.30°C (triple point) up to a limit just below the 101.06°C critical point, where saturated liquid and vapor merge into one phase.
Absolute h, s and u depend on this choice; Δh and Δs between two states do not.
T = 10.00°C (supported range: -103.30°C to just below 101.06°C)
Saturated R-134a at T = 10.00°C
h_fg = h_g − h_f = 190.741 kJ/kg | s_fg = s_g − s_f = 0.67364 kJ/(kg·K)
R-134a Saturated Enthalpy vs Temperature
The gap between h_g and h_f is the latent heat h_fg. Dashed line marks the queried T.
Tip: hover to read values, click to pin a point for export
R-134a Saturation Table
| T (°C) | P (kPa) | h_f | h_g | s_f | s_g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -40 | 51.21 | 0.00 | 225.86 | 0.0000 | 0.9687 |
| -30 | 84.38 | 12.65 | 232.17 | 0.0530 | 0.9559 |
| -20 | 132.73 | 25.49 | 238.41 | 0.1046 | 0.9457 |
| -10 | 200.60 | 38.55 | 244.52 | 0.1550 | 0.9377 |
| 0 | 292.80 | 51.86 | 250.46 | 0.2044 | 0.9315 |
| 10 | 414.61 | 65.43 | 256.17 | 0.2529 | 0.9265 |
| 20 | 571.71 | 79.32 | 261.60 | 0.3006 | 0.9224 |
| 30 | 770.20 | 93.58 | 266.67 | 0.3479 | 0.9189 |
| 40 | 1016.59 | 108.27 | 271.28 | 0.3949 | 0.9154 |
| 50 | 1317.91 | 123.48 | 275.29 | 0.4418 | 0.9116 |
| 60 | 1681.78 | 139.36 | 278.49 | 0.4892 | 0.9068 |
Continue your calculation
This lookup gives saturated R-134a from −103.30 °C up to a supported limit just below the 101.06 °C critical point; closer to the critical point it reports that the liquid and vapor cannot be resolved. For subcooled, superheated or supercritical states, use the two-property R-134a tool.
How to Use This Calculator
Enter your input values
Fill in all required input fields for the Refrigerant R-134a Table Calculator. Follow the units and input format printed next to each field. Where a unit selector is available, choose the units that match your data.
Review your inputs
Double-check that all values are correct and match the units or format shown for each field. Incorrect units are the most common source of calculation errors and can produce results that are off by factors of 2, 10, or more.
Read the results
The Refrigerant R-134a Table Calculator computes the output in your browser and displays the results, with units clearly labeled, as soon as they are ready — no data sent to a server.
Explore parameter sensitivity
Try adjusting individual input values to see how the output changes. This is a quick and effective way to develop intuition about how different parameters influence the result and to identify which inputs have the largest effect.
Formula Reference
Saturation State from the R-134a Equation of State
p(T, ρ′) = p(T, ρ″) = P_sat and g(T, ρ′) = g(T, ρ″)
Variables: T = saturation temperature (K; entered in °C, °F or K); ρ′, ρ″ = saturated-liquid and saturated-vapour densities (kg/m³); g = specific Gibbs energy (J/kg); P_sat = saturation pressure (kPa). The tool solves these two equalities with the Tillner-Roth & Baehr equation of state at exactly the entered temperature (no tabulated values are used) and then evaluates h_f, h_g, s_f, s_g, v_f and v_g from the Helmholtz energy at ρ′ and ρ″. Temperatures are accepted from the triple point (−103.30 °C) up to a supported limit about 0.04 mK below the 101.06 °C critical point; between that limit and the critical point the tool reports that the liquid and vapour cannot be resolved, and at or above the critical point there is no saturated state. The −40 to 60 °C table below the result is computed the same way. Sources: Tillner-Roth & Baehr, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 657–729 (1994); Akasaka, J. Therm. Sci. Technol. 3, 442–451 (2008).
Latent Heat and Entropy of Vaporisation
h_fg = h_g − h_f | s_fg = s_g − s_f = h_fg / T
Variables: h_fg = latent heat of vaporisation (kJ/kg); h_g, h_f = saturated-vapour and saturated-liquid enthalpy (kJ/kg); s_fg = entropy of vaporisation (kJ/(kg·K)); s_g, s_f = saturated-vapour and saturated-liquid entropy (kJ/(kg·K)); T = saturation temperature (K). Absolute h and s depend on the selected reference state (ASHRAE, IIR or NBP); h_fg and s_fg do not. Source: Moran, Shapiro, Boettner & Bailey, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 8th ed., Ch. 3 'Evaluating Properties' (saturation-line property differences)
Input Temperature Conversion
T(°C) = (T(°F) − 32) · 5/9 | T(°C) = T(K) − 273.15
Variables: T(°C) = saturation temperature used for the calculation (°C); T(°F) = user input on the Fahrenheit scale (°F); T(K) = user input on the Kelvin scale (K). Source: NIST Special Publication 811, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units, App. B.8 (temperature scale conversions)
When to Use This Calculator
- •Use the Refrigerant R-134a Table Calculator to check your hand calculations on homework or exam problems — comparing its result with your own working helps identify arithmetic errors before they propagate.
- •Use it during the early design phase to rapidly iterate on parameters and narrow down feasible configurations before committing time to detailed finite element simulations or full design packages.
- •Use it when reviewing a colleague's calculation or checking a vendor's data sheet for plausibility — a quick sanity check can prevent costly downstream errors.
- •Use it to generate reference data for a technical report or presentation without manual computation, ensuring consistent, reproducible numbers throughout the document.
- •Use it in the field when a quick estimate is needed and a full engineering software package is not available.
About This Calculator
The Refrigerant R-134a Table Calculator is a precision engineering calculation tool designed for students, engineers, and technical professionals. Saturated R-134a property lookup by temperature from the equation of state: P_sat, h_f, h_g, s_f, s_g from −103.30°C to just below the 101.06°C critical point All calculations are performed using established engineering formulas from the relevant scientific literature and standards. Follow the units printed beside each field. Where a unit selector is provided, the selected unit is converted internally. Results are computed in your browser without sending data to a server, which keeps your inputs private. This calculator is intended as a supplementary tool for learning and design exploration; always verify results against authoritative references for safety-critical applications.
The Theory Behind It
Saturated refrigerant tables tabulate thermodynamic properties (saturation temperature, saturation pressure, specific volumes of liquid and vapor, enthalpies, entropies) for refrigerants. For R-134a, properties are listed in temperature increments (typically 1°C or 5°F) spanning from about −40°C to near the critical point (101°C). Linear interpolation between tabulated entries gives accurate values for intermediate temperatures. The key quantities for refrigeration cycle analysis are: saturated liquid enthalpy h_f (at the liquid side of the saturation line), saturated vapor enthalpy h_g (at the vapor side), latent heat of vaporization h_fg = h_g − h_f, saturation pressure P_sat, and saturated vapor specific volume v_g. For vapor-compression refrigeration analysis, refrigerant state points at the evaporator (saturated vapor at evaporator pressure) and condenser (saturated liquid at condenser pressure) are looked up from the tables, and the compressor work and refrigeration effect follow from enthalpy differences. Practical HVAC analysis uses refrigerant tables directly; rigorous academic analysis uses equations of state (NIST REFPROP, CoolProp) for higher precision. This calculator does not interpolate: it evaluates the Tillner-Roth and Baehr (1994) equation of state at the entered temperature, from −103.30°C (triple point) up to a supported limit just below the 101.06°C critical point (closer to it, the tool reports that the liquid and vapor cannot be resolved), and shows a −40 to 60°C table for reference.
Real-World Applications
- •Refrigeration cycle analysis: look up enthalpies at cycle state points (evaporator, condenser, compressor outlet) to compute COP and refrigeration capacity.
- •HVAC system design: select compressor and evaporator sizes based on required cooling capacity computed from refrigerant enthalpy differences.
- •Troubleshooting: compare measured operating conditions against expected saturation values to diagnose overcharge, undercharge, or leaks.
- •Educational coursework: undergraduate thermodynamics and HVAC courses use refrigerant tables for assignments and exam problems.
- •Refrigerant quantity estimation: given evaporator flow rate and desired cooling capacity, compute required refrigerant mass flow from enthalpy differences.
Frequently Asked Questions
What's in a refrigerant table?
Saturation properties of a refrigerant at discrete temperatures: saturation pressure P_sat, saturated liquid and vapor specific volumes (v_f, v_g), enthalpies (h_f, h_g), entropies (s_f, s_g), and latent heat of vaporization h_fg. Tables typically cover the full practical temperature range of the refrigerant, from below normal evaporator temperature to above normal condenser temperature.
How do I look up values between the tabulated points?
Linear interpolation: y = y₁ + (x − x₁)(y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁). Find the two nearest tabulated values bracketing your target temperature or pressure, and interpolate linearly. For saturation properties, interpolating by temperature is more accurate than interpolating by pressure because properties are smoother functions of T.
What properties are most important?
For vapor-compression refrigeration analysis, the most important are: h_f (saturated liquid enthalpy at condenser — state 3 in cycle), h_g (saturated vapor enthalpy at evaporator — state 1), and P_sat (at both conditions). The refrigeration effect is h_1 − h_4, and throttling keeps h_4 = h_3, so it is the saturated-vapor enthalpy at the evaporator minus the saturated-liquid enthalpy at the condenser outlet, not h_fg at a single temperature.
When do I need equations of state instead of tables?
For superheated vapor or subcooled liquid states not on the saturation line, specialized EOS or dedicated tables are needed. Also for very high or low temperatures outside the tabulated range, or for precision research work requiring 5+ significant digits. Industrial calculations can use tabulated data with linear interpolation.
Does this calculator support other refrigerants?
This calculator covers R-134a only; MegaCalc's R-410A and ammonia tools use their own reference equations of state. For other refrigerants, NIST REFPROP (commercial) and CoolProp (free and open source) implement the same kind of equations.
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References & Further Reading
Industry References
- CoolProp — R-134a fluid propertiesCoolProp
Open-source library whose fluid file supplies the equation-of-state coefficients used here; useful for cross-checking values.
Textbooks
- Tillner-Roth R, Baehr HD. An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa, 1994. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23(5), 657–729, doi:10.1063/1.555958.
The reference equation of state the R-134a values are computed from.
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