Titration Calculator
Calculate the unknown concentration of an acid or base from titration data using the equivalence-point relationship.
Minimum: 0
Known concentration of the titrant (solution in the buret).
Minimum: 0
Volume of titrant used to reach the equivalence point.
Must be greater than 0
Volume of the unknown solution in the flask.
Must be greater than 0
Coefficient of the titrant in the balanced equation (1 for NaOH in HCl + NaOH; 2 for NaOH in H₂SO₄ + 2 NaOH).
Must be greater than 0
Coefficient of the analyte in the balanced equation (1 for HCl in HCl + NaOH; 1 for H₂SO₄ in H₂SO₄ + 2 NaOH).
Results
Analyte Concentration (M)
0.1 M
Learn with a worked scenario
Analyte concentration from titrant concentration, equivalence volume and balanced reaction coefficients.
Question
A 1:1 reaction uses 18.0 mL of 0.100 mol/L titrant for 25.0 mL of analyte.
- Titrant moles = 0.100 × 0.0180 = 0.00180 mol.
- A 1:1 reaction gives 0.00180 mol analyte.
- Analyte concentration = 0.00180 / 0.0250 = 0.0720 mol/L.
The analyte concentration is 0.0720 mol/L.
Precision: The concentration is rounded to at most 4 decimal places, with trailing zeros dropped; values below 0.001 are shown in scientific notation.
Load this example in the calculatorTry a variation
Keep 18.0 mL of 0.100 mol/L titrant and 25.0 mL of analyte, but make the titrant coefficient 2 (analyte coefficient 1). What happens to the analyte concentration? Predict the answer before you reveal it.
Predict, then reveal
It halves, to 0.0360 mol/L. Two moles of titrant react with each mole of analyte, so the 0.00180 mol of titrant at equivalence consumed only 0.000900 mol of analyte.
| Titrant volume, 1:1 reaction | Analyte concentration |
|---|---|
| 18 mL | 0.072 mol/L |
| 20 mL | 0.080 mol/L |
| 25 mL | 0.100 mol/L |
Check the assumptions
- The balanced reaction and equivalence-point volume are known.
- Use analyte coefficient divided by titrant coefficient.
- This is a concentration calculation, not a pH curve or endpoint model.
Common mistake: Assuming every titration uses a 1:1 mole ratio.
Method reference: OpenStax Chemistry: Quantitative Chemical Analysis. These examples illustrate the method; they do not validate every possible input.
How to Use This Calculator
Enter your input values
Fill in all required input fields for the Titration Calculator. Follow the units and input format printed next to each field. Where a unit selector is available, choose the units that match your data.
Review your inputs
Double-check that all values are correct and match the units or format shown for each field. Incorrect units are the most common source of calculation errors and can produce results that are off by factors of 2, 10, or more.
Read the results
The Titration Calculator computes the output in your browser and displays the results, with units clearly labeled, as soon as they are ready — no data sent to a server.
Explore parameter sensitivity
Try adjusting individual input values to see how the output changes. This is a quick and effective way to develop intuition about how different parameters influence the result and to identify which inputs have the largest effect.
When to Use This Calculator
- •Use the Titration Calculator when you need accurate results quickly without the risk of manual computation errors or unit conversion mistakes.
- •Use it to verify calculations made by hand or in spreadsheets — an independent check can catch errors before they lead to costly decisions.
- •Use it to explore how changing input parameters affects the output — a quick way to develop intuition and identify the most influential variables.
- •Use it when collaborating with others to ensure everyone is working from the same numbers and applying the same assumptions.
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About Titration Calculator
The titration calculator determines the unknown concentration of an acid or base from the measured volume of a titrant of known concentration needed to reach the equivalence point. Titration is a core analytical technique in chemistry where a standard solution (titrant) is added incrementally to an unknown solution (analyte) until the reaction is complete. The equivalence point is detected using a color-change indicator, a pH meter, or a conductance meter. By recording the volume of titrant consumed and knowing the reaction stoichiometry, you can calculate the analyte concentration. This calculator supports any stoichiometric ratio, accommodating monoprotic, diprotic, and polyprotic acid-base reactions.
The Math Behind It
Formula Reference
Titration Equivalence
C_a × V_a / n_a = C_t × V_t / n_t
Variables: C = concentration; V = volume; n = stoichiometric coefficient; a = analyte; t = titrant
Worked Examples
Example 1: NaOH titrating HCl
25 mL of unknown HCl titrated with 0.1 M NaOH; equivalence at 25 mL.
The HCl concentration is 0.1 M.
Common Mistakes & Tips
- !Reading the buret at the wrong point (endpoint vs. equivalence point).
- !Forgetting stoichiometric coefficients for diprotic or triprotic acids.
- !Not rinsing the buret with titrant solution before filling, leading to dilution error.
Related Concepts
Used in These Calculators
Calculators that build on or apply the concepts from this page:
Frequently Asked Questions
What indicator should I use for a strong acid / strong base titration?
Phenolphthalein (transition at pH 8.2–10.0) or bromothymol blue (pH 6.0–7.6) both work well because the pH changes very steeply near the equivalence point (pH 7) for strong acid-strong base titrations.
Can I use this for redox titrations?
The mole-ratio concept applies to any titration, but you need to use the correct stoichiometric coefficients based on the balanced redox reaction rather than acid-base coefficients.
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