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chemistry

Titration Calculator

Calculate the unknown concentration of an acid or base from titration data using the equivalence-point relationship.

Reviewed by Christopher FloiedPublished Updated

This free online titration calculator provides instant results with no signup required. All calculations run directly in your browser — your data is never sent to a server. Enter your values below and see results update in real time as you type. Perfect for everyday calculations, homework, or professional use.

Minimum: 0

Known concentration of the titrant (solution in the buret).

Volume of titrant used to reach the equivalence point.

Minimum: 0

Volume of the unknown solution in the flask.

Moles of titrant per mole equivalence (e.g., 1 for HCl + NaOH).

Moles of analyte per mole equivalence (e.g., 1 for monoprotic acid).

Results

Analyte Concentration (M)

0.1 M

How to Use This Calculator

1

Enter your input values

Fill in all required input fields for the Titration Calculator. Most fields include unit selectors so you can work in your preferred unit system — metric or imperial, whichever matches your problem.

2

Review your inputs

Double-check that all values are correct and that you have selected the right units for each field. Incorrect units are the most common source of calculation errors and can produce results that are off by factors of 2, 10, or more.

3

Read the results

The Titration Calculator instantly computes the output and displays results with units clearly labeled. All calculations happen in your browser — no loading time and no data sent to a server.

4

Explore parameter sensitivity

Try adjusting individual input values to see how the output changes. This is a quick and effective way to develop intuition about how different parameters influence the result and to identify which inputs have the largest effect.

When to Use This Calculator

  • •Use the Titration Calculator when you need accurate results quickly without the risk of manual computation errors or unit conversion mistakes.
  • •Use it to verify calculations made by hand or in spreadsheets — an independent check can catch errors before they lead to costly decisions.
  • •Use it to explore how changing input parameters affects the output — a quick way to develop intuition and identify the most influential variables.
  • •Use it when collaborating with others to ensure everyone is working from the same numbers and applying the same assumptions.

About Titration Calculator

The titration calculator determines the unknown concentration of an acid or base from the measured volume of a titrant of known concentration needed to reach the equivalence point. Titration is a core analytical technique in chemistry where a standard solution (titrant) is added incrementally to an unknown solution (analyte) until the reaction is complete. The equivalence point is detected using a color-change indicator, a pH meter, or a conductance meter. By recording the volume of titrant consumed and knowing the reaction stoichiometry, you can calculate the analyte concentration. This calculator supports any stoichiometric ratio, accommodating monoprotic, diprotic, and polyprotic acid-base reactions.

The Math Behind It

At the equivalence point of an acid-base titration, the moles of acid equal the moles of base (adjusted for stoichiometry). For a monoprotic strong acid and strong base (e.g., HCl + NaOH), the relationship is C_acid × V_acid = C_base × V_base. For a diprotic acid like H₂SO₄ reacting with NaOH, one mole of acid reacts with two moles of base, so the general form is C_a × V_a / n_a = C_t × V_t / n_t, where n represents the number of equivalents per mole. The equivalence point is not the same as the endpoint: the equivalence point is the theoretical point of exact stoichiometric balance, while the endpoint is the experimentally observed signal (indicator color change). A good indicator changes color within ±0.1 pH unit of the equivalence point. For strong acid-strong base titrations, the equivalence-point pH is 7.0. For weak acid-strong base titrations, the equivalence-point pH is above 7 due to hydrolysis of the conjugate base. Selecting an indicator whose transition range matches the equivalence-point pH is essential for accurate results.

Formula Reference

Titration Equivalence

C_a × V_a / n_a = C_t × V_t / n_t

Variables: C = concentration; V = volume; n = stoichiometric coefficient; a = analyte; t = titrant

Worked Examples

Example 1: NaOH titrating HCl

25 mL of unknown HCl titrated with 0.1 M NaOH; equivalence at 25 mL.

Step 1:Both are monoprotic: n = 1 for each.
Step 2:C_HCl = (0.1 × 25 × 1) / (25 × 1) = 0.1 M.

The HCl concentration is 0.1 M.

Common Mistakes & Tips

  • !Reading the buret at the wrong point (endpoint vs. equivalence point).
  • !Forgetting stoichiometric coefficients for diprotic or triprotic acids.
  • !Not rinsing the buret with titrant solution before filling, leading to dilution error.

Related Concepts

pH

Track pH changes throughout the titration with a pH calculator.

Henderson-Hasselbalch

Describes pH in the buffer region of a weak acid titration.

Used in These Calculators

Calculators that build on or apply the concepts from this page:

Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator

pH Calculator

Frequently Asked Questions

What indicator should I use for a strong acid / strong base titration?

Phenolphthalein (transition at pH 8.2–10.0) or bromothymol blue (pH 6.0–7.6) both work well because the pH changes very steeply near the equivalence point (pH 7) for strong acid-strong base titrations.

Can I use this for redox titrations?

The mole-ratio concept applies to any titration, but you need to use the correct stoichiometric coefficients based on the balanced redox reaction rather than acid-base coefficients.