Liquid Water Properties Table

• •Use the Liquid Water Properties Table to check your hand calculations on homework or exam problems — comparing its result with your own working helps identify arithmetic errors before they propagate.
• •Use it during the early design phase to rapidly iterate on parameters and narrow down feasible configurations before committing time to detailed finite element simulations or full design packages.
• •Use it when reviewing a colleague's calculation or checking a vendor's data sheet for plausibility — a quick sanity check can prevent costly downstream errors.
• •Use it to generate reference data for a technical report or presentation without manual computation, ensuring consistent, reproducible numbers throughout the document.
• •Use it in the field when a quick estimate is needed and a full engineering software package is not available.

The Liquid Water Properties Table is a precision engineering calculation tool designed for students, engineers, and technical professionals. Properties of liquid water at 1 atm from 0°C to 95°C plus saturated liquid at 100°C: density, specific heat, viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, thermal expansion coefficient (IAPWS). All calculations are performed using established engineering formulas from the relevant scientific literature and standards. Follow the units printed beside each field. Where a unit selector is provided, the selected unit is converted internally. Results are computed in your browser without sending data to a server, which keeps your inputs private. This calculator is intended as a supplementary tool for learning and design exploration; always verify results against authoritative references for safety-critical applications.

Water properties tables tabulate the thermophysical properties of liquid water at atmospheric pressure across its liquid range (0-100°C). Key properties include density (ρ), specific heat at constant pressure (c_p), dynamic viscosity (μ), kinematic viscosity (ν), thermal conductivity (k), Prandtl number (Pr), and thermal expansion coefficient (β). Water density peaks at about 999.97 kg/m³ at 4°C and decreases at higher and lower temperatures — this anomaly is why ice floats on water. Specific heat of liquid water is approximately 4.18 kJ/(kg·K) at 20°C and varies only slightly over the temperature range. Viscosity decreases strongly with temperature: from about 1.79 × 10⁻³ Pa·s at 0°C to 2.82 × 10⁻⁴ Pa·s at 100°C (over 6× reduction). Thermal conductivity increases modestly from 0.556 W/(m·K) at 0°C to 0.677 W/(m·K) at 100°C. Prandtl number decreases from about 13.6 at 0°C to about 1.75 at 100°C due to the steep viscosity drop. These properties are essential for designing water-cooled heat exchangers, HVAC hydronic systems, chemical processing equipment, and any application involving liquid water as a working fluid or coolant.

• •Water-cooled heat exchanger design: compute heat transfer coefficients using temperature-dependent water properties for chilled water, hot water, and cooling tower applications.
• •HVAC hydronic system analysis: pipe sizing, pump selection, and pressure drop calculations use viscosity and density at the operating temperature range.
• •Chemical process design: aqueous solutions and water-based process streams require accurate property data for heat and mass transfer calculations.
• •Solar thermal collectors: water-based solar collectors use temperature-dependent properties to predict efficiency and heat delivery.
• •Water treatment and distribution: properties of water affect pipe friction, pump sizing, and disinfection processes.