Pound per Square Inch (psi)

An imperial unit of pressure commonly used in the US

The Pound per Square Inch (psi) is a unit of pressure with a history connected to the study of fluids, gases, and atmospheric phenomena. Evangelista Torricelli's invention of the barometer in 1643 was a landmark in pressure measurement, and subsequent work by Blaise Pascal established the mathematical foundations. The pascal — the SI unit — was named in Pascal's honor when the SI system was formalized. The Pound per Square Inch reflects either the SI tradition or the practical conventions of specific industries that standardized their measurements independently.

Accurate pressure measurement is critical in engineering, science, commerce, and everyday life. Using the correct unit and applying conversions precisely prevents errors that can be costly or dangerous in professional applications.

Conversion Table

UnitSymbol1 psi =
PascalPa6894.76 Pa
KilopascalkPa6.89476 kPa
Barbar0.0689476 bar
Atmosphereatm0.068046 atm
Millimeters of MercurymmHg51.7151 mmHg
MegapascalMPa0.00689476 MPa
GigapascalGPa0.00000689476 GPa
Kilopound per Square Inchksi0.001 ksi
Torrtorr51.7151 torr
Inch of MercuryinHg2.03602 inHg
Kilogram-force per Square Centimeterkgf/cm²0.070307 kgf/cm²

Conversions Involving Pound per Square Inch

Common Uses of the Pound per Square Inch

  • Automotive — inflating tires to manufacturer-specified pressures
  • Weather reporting — tracking barometric pressure for forecasting
  • Hydraulic systems — designing and operating fluid power equipment
  • Scuba diving — calculating safe dive depths based on partial pressures
  • Medical — measuring blood pressure and calibrating medical equipment

Did You Know?

The deepest point in the ocean — the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench — has a water pressure of approximately 110 MPa, or about 1,086 times standard atmospheric pressure. The Pound per Square Inch is one of several units used to express pressures across this extraordinary range.