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R-410A Refrigerant Tables Reference

Saturated and superheated R-410A property tables used in residential HVAC. Filterable by temperature.

By Christopher FloiedPublished Updated

Thermodynamic properties of R-410A (50% R-32 / 50% R-125 by mass). SI units. Used in residential/commercial HVAC systems. Computed from Lemmon's (2003) pseudo-pure equation of state. Each saturated row pairs the liquid at its bubble point with the vapour at its dew point at the same temperature. The bubble and dew pressures differ because the blend boils over a temperature glide (at one pressure it starts boiling at the bubble temperature and finishes at the higher dew temperature), so the two states are not in equilibrium at one pressure. Superheated tables start at the dew point of their pressure.

Absolute h, s and u depend on this choice; Δh and Δs between two states do not.

R-410A Saturation Pressure vs Temperature

Tip: hover to read values, click to pin a point for export

23 rows shown

T (°C)P_bubble (kPa)P_dew (kPa)v_f (m³/kg)v_g (m³/kg)h_f (kJ/kg)h_fg (kJ/kg)h_g (kJ/kg)s_f (kJ/(kg·K))s_g (kJ/(kg·K))
-50108.98108.550.0007430.22448-13.8271.61257.81-0.06031.157
-45139.13138.60.0007520.17826-6.92267.28260.36-0.02991.1417
-40175.5174.850.0007620.143070262.84262.8401.1274
-35218.93218.140.0007710.115946.97258.27265.240.02941.114
-30270.31269.350.0007810.09479613.99253.56267.550.05851.1014
-25330.57329.410.0007920.0781321.08248.7269.780.08711.0894
-20400.69399.30.0008030.06486628.24243.66271.90.11541.0781
-15481.68480.040.0008150.0542135.47238.44273.910.14351.0672
-10574.6572.680.0008270.04557442.8233275.80.17131.0568
-5680.57678.310.0008410.03851750.22227.32277.550.19891.0467
0800.71798.080.0008550.03270757.76221.39279.140.22641.037
5936.21933.180.000870.02788765.41215.16280.570.25371.0273
101088.31084.820.0008860.0238673.2208.6281.810.2811.0178
151258.271254.290.0009040.02047381.15201.67282.820.30831.0083
201447.451442.930.0009230.01760689.27194.32283.590.33570.9986
251657.251652.140.0009440.01516497.59186.48284.070.36310.9887
301889.151883.410.0009680.013068106.14178.07284.210.39080.9783
352144.712138.330.0009950.01126114.95169283.950.41880.9674
402425.642418.610.0010250.0096865124.08159.12283.20.44730.9555
452733.762726.130.001060.008307133.6148.24281.840.47650.9425
503071.073062.990.0011030.0070848143.64136.04279.670.50660.9276
553439.843431.60.0011550.0059864154.38122.02276.40.53830.9102
603842.653834.830.0012260.0049763166.24105.21271.450.57270.8886

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When to Use This Calculator

  • •Use the R-410A Refrigerant Tables Reference to check your hand calculations on homework or exam problems — comparing its result with your own working helps identify arithmetic errors before they propagate.
  • •Use it during the early design phase to rapidly iterate on parameters and narrow down feasible configurations before committing time to detailed finite element simulations or full design packages.
  • •Use it when reviewing a colleague's calculation or checking a vendor's data sheet for plausibility — a quick sanity check can prevent costly downstream errors.
  • •Use it to generate reference data for a technical report or presentation without manual computation, ensuring consistent, reproducible numbers throughout the document.
  • •Use it in the field when a quick estimate is needed and a full engineering software package is not available.

About This Calculator

The R-410A Refrigerant Tables Reference is a precision engineering calculation tool designed for students, engineers, and technical professionals. Saturated and superheated R-410A property tables used in residential HVAC. Filterable by temperature. All calculations are performed using established engineering formulas from the relevant scientific literature and standards. Follow the units printed beside each field. Where a unit selector is provided, the selected unit is converted internally. Results are computed in your browser without sending data to a server, which keeps your inputs private. This calculator is intended as a supplementary tool for learning and design exploration; always verify results against authoritative references for safety-critical applications.

The Theory Behind It

R-410A reference tables tabulate the thermodynamic properties of the R-410A refrigerant blend (50% R-32 and 50% R-125 by mass), widely used in residential air conditioning and heat pumps from the mid-2000s until phase-down regulations. The tables include saturated liquid and vapor properties and superheated vapor properties across the practical operating range. R-410A was developed as an ozone-friendly replacement for R-22 (HCFC-22) and operates at about 60% higher pressures than R-22 at the same temperatures, requiring components rated for higher pressures. The normal bubble point is −51.4°C, and in Lemmon's (2003) pseudo-pure model, from which these tables are computed, the bubble and dew lines end at a nominal critical point of 71.34°C and 4.90 MPa. Because R-410A is a blend, each saturated row lists the bubble pressure (liquid) and the slightly lower dew pressure (vapor) at the same temperature. R-410A has a global warming potential of 2088, making it a target for replacement under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The tables support vapor-compression cycle analysis for residential split systems, packaged units, and heat pumps. Key properties include saturation pressure (high compared to R-22), specific volumes, enthalpies, and entropies. R-410A is being replaced by lower-GWP alternatives including R-32 (pure), R-454B, and R-466A in new equipment.

Real-World Applications

  • •Residential AC and heat pump design: size components for split systems, packaged units, mini-splits, and VRF systems using R-410A property data.
  • •System capacity and efficiency analysis: compute SEER and EER values from refrigerant enthalpies at operating conditions.
  • •Service and diagnostic work: compare measured pressures and temperatures to saturation table values to diagnose system problems.
  • •Retrofit analysis: compare R-410A performance to replacement refrigerants for existing installations or upgrade decisions.
  • •HVAC training and certification: R-410A property tables are standard in current HVAC technician certification programs.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is R-410A?

R-410A is a 50/50 mass blend of R-32 and R-125 refrigerants, developed as a replacement for R-22 after its ozone-depletion phase-out. It is a near-azeotropic mixture (very small temperature glide) making it behave similarly to a pure refrigerant. It operates at about 60% higher pressures than R-22, requiring pressure-rated components. It has been the dominant residential AC refrigerant for two decades.

Why is R-410A being phased out?

R-410A has a high global warming potential of 2088, making it a target for replacement under the Kigali Amendment. While it has zero ozone depletion potential (unlike the R-22 it replaced), its climate impact is significant. New residential AC equipment is increasingly using R-32 (GWP 675), R-454B (GWP 467), or other lower-GWP alternatives. Phase-down schedules vary by country but are accelerating globally.

What are typical R-410A operating pressures?

At standard operating conditions: evaporator at 7°C ≈ 992 kPa dew pressure (143.8 psia); condenser at 45°C ≈ 2734 kPa bubble pressure (396.5 psia). These pressures are about 60% higher than R-22's at the same temperatures (622 kPa at 7°C, 1729 kPa at 45°C), which is why R-410A systems require thicker-walled tubing and higher-rated compressors.

Is R-410A flammable?

R-410A is classified A1 (lowest flammability, low toxicity) under ASHRAE Standard 34, meaning it is non-flammable. Its replacement R-32 is A2L (mildly flammable), requiring new safety precautions during installation and service. This is one reason R-410A remained popular longer — it is safer to handle during installation.

Can I retrofit R-410A with newer refrigerants?

Direct drop-in replacement is generally not recommended due to differences in pressure, lubricant compatibility, and safety classification. R-454B is formulated to be closer to R-410A characteristics and may serve as a replacement in some systems, but consult equipment manufacturers for approved retrofit procedures and required component changes.

Related Concepts

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References & Further Reading

Wikipedia

Industry References

Textbooks

  • Lemmon EW. Pseudo-Pure Fluid Equations of State for the Refrigerant Blends R-410A, R-404A, R-507A, and R-407C, 2003. Int. J. Thermophys. 24(4), 991–1006, doi:10.1023/A:1025048800563.

    The pseudo-pure equation of state the R-410A values are computed from. Two-phase states follow the model's bubble and dew lines, a convention for the blend rather than a mixture-equilibrium calculation.

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